We would like to round off this series on fountain nozzles with others that, despite being less widely used, nevertheless provide very interesting aesthetics in water feature fountains.Read more

Today we continue our in-depth look at how the nozzles most commonly used in architectural fountains work and focus on those based on water entrainment or air suction – the latter used to produce a foaming effect in the water jet.

Water-drawing Nozzles. Based on the Venturi effect, this nozzle uses the speed of the propelled water to draw water from the basin which is then mixed with the initial stream to form a much greater mass of water than before. Looking at the diagram in figure 23, the jet of water discharged out of the central pipe is seen to draw in the water around the pipe. This effect causes an under-pressure that draws water from the basin. The jet propelled through the pipe when mixed with the drawn water forms a large mass of water discharged over the nozzle. Read more

The solid water jet nozzle was the first cone nozzle to appear in history and at first was the simple pipe-end that we mentioned in the first article of this blog, through which water was discharged at a certain pressure (Fig. 10). Depending on the tilt of the pipe-end, the water jet rises vertically or forms a parabola.

The nozzle is the part from which sprayed water exits and is shaped to achieve a particular aesthetic effect. It is therefore the key player in a water feature fountain as it is responsible for propelling large volumes of water into the air. The origin of the nozzle lies in the pipe-end, which in principle is basically the short tube through which water flows into a fountain. Prior to the pipe-end, the actual pipe protruded from the ground or wall to discharge water but for beauty and functional reasons, an extra part was added – the pipe-end - which was fitted on the end of the pipe. Designed with mythological (griffon), zoomorphic or merely geometric figures, pipe-ends were an ornamental part of fountains.Read More